romalopes: Tomcat Begins

- Tomcat

http://www.ramkitech.com/

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/realm-howto.html

http://my.opera.com/shibutani/blog/show.dml/1779612

http://www.scribd.com/doc/7571690/Java-Security-Como-Usar-JAAS-Com-Tomcat-6

http://www.mhavila.com.br/topicos/java/tomcat.html#t10

- With o Apache

http://www.ramkitech.com/2012/10/tomcat-clustering-series-simple-load.html

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/ApachePlusTomcat_HowTo.html

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/images/ApachePlusTomcat.png

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/images/HTTP_ClientServerSystem.png

- Why integrate Tomcat with Apache?

- Clustering and loadbalance: With Apache you can use multiple tomcat instances or divide Tomcat instances into various namespaces

- Security:

- Speed for static content

- Context Containers

Context containers are web applications running inside the webapps. A web site can have one or more contexts.

- To run

- Apache needs to load a adpter module which uses Apache JServ Protocol (AJP) to comunicate with Tomcat via another TCP port (8009)

- When Apache receives an HTTP request:

- Apache checkes if the request belongs to Apache, Tomcat, PHP, etc

- If Tomcat, Adapter takes the request and forwards it to Tomcat.

- Steps

- Install Apache HTTP Server

- Install Tomcat

- tomcat.apache.org (-> Download -> Tomcat Connectors -> JK 1.2 -> Binary Releases -> windows -> tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-windows-i386-httpd-2.4.x.zip .

- rename it to mod_jk and copy to %APACHE%/modules

- create a file mod_jk.conf in %APACHE%/conf

1:                                  # Load mod_jk module

2: # Update this path to match your modules location

3: LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

4: # Where to find workers.properties

5: # Update this path to match your conf directory location

6: JkWorkersFile C:/workspace/linguagens/java/servers/apache-tomcat-7.0.16/conf/workers.properties

7: # Where to put jk logs

8: # Update this path to match your logs directory location

9: JkLogFile C:/workspace/linguagens/java/servers/apache-tomcat-7.0.16/logs/mod_jk.log

10: # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]

11: JkLogLevel info

12: # Select the log format

13: JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"

14: # JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,

15: JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories

16: # JkRequestLogFormat set the request format

17: JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"

18: # Send everything for context /ws to worker ajp13

19: JkMount /ws ajp13

20: JkMount /ws/* ajp13

21: # Send everything for context /examples to worker ajp13

22: JkMount /examples ajp13

23: JkMount /examples/* ajp13

- Include this file in httpd.conf

include C:/workspace/linguagens/java/servers/apache-tomcat-7.0.16/conf/mod_jk.conf

- Create the C:/workspace/linguagens/java/servers/apache-tomcat-7.0.16/conf/workers.properties

1:                     # Define 1 real worker named ajp13

2: worker.list=ajp13

3: # Set properties for worker named ajp13 to use ajp13 protocol,

4: # and run on port 8009

5: worker.ajp13.type=ajp13

6: worker.ajp13.host=localhost

7: worker.ajp13.port=8009

8: worker.ajp13.lbfactor=50

9: worker.ajp13.cachesize=10

10: worker.ajp13.cache_timeout=600

11: worker.ajp13.socket_keepalive=1

12: worker.ajp13.socket_timeout=300

- Configure Tomcat

conf/server.xml to start the AJP1.3 service on TCP port 8009

/TOMCAT_HOME/conf/server.xml

ServletContext – O container da aplicação web. Somente um por aplicação.

1:                          <Context path="/projeto" docBase="projeto" debug="0" reloadable="true" />

2: ex: http://localhost:8080/onjava/login.jsp

3: <global-results>

4: <result name="naoLogado">/login.jsp</result>

5: </global-results>

Caminhos

/projeto

/projeto/WEB-INF

web.xml – configurações do projeto web.

/projeto/WEB-INF/classes

/projeto/WEB-INF/lib

TagLib

1:                          <taglib>

2: <taglib-uri>/onjava</taglib-uri>

3: <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/taglib.tld</taglib-location>

4: </taglib>

5: <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>

6: <%@taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" prefix="romalopes" %>

7: <romalopes:teste/>

DataSource JNDI

http://wiki.locaweb.com.br/pt-br/Criando_uma_datasource_JNDI

Pool de Conexões

No diretório META-INF da aplicação, crie um arquivo “context.xml” com o seguinte conteúdo:

1:     <?xml version=”1.0? encoding=”UTF-8??>

2: <Context auth=”Container”>

3: <Resource name=”jdbc/bd_teste” type=”javax.sql.DataSource”

4: url=”jdbc:mckoi://localhost:59999/” driverClassName=”com.mckoi.JDBCDriver”

5: username=”admin” password=”123456? maxActive=”100? maxIdle=”20?/>

6: </Context>

Registrando o pool no aplicativo…

No arquivo “web.xml” da aplicação, insira as linhas abaixo…

1:                          <resource-ref>

2: <res-ref-name>jdbc/bd_teste</res-ref-name>

3: <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>

4: <res-auth>Container</res-auth>

5: </resource-ref>

Chamada no Service Locator

1:                  import java.sql.Connection;

2: import javax.naming.InitialContext;

3: import javax.sql.DataSource;

4: public class ServiceLocator {

5: public static Connection getConexao() throws Exception {

6: Connection con = null;

7: // Obtém a raiz da hierarquia de nomes

8: InitialContext contexto = new InitialContext();

9: // Obtém a origem dos dados

10: DataSource ds = (DataSource)contexto.lookup(“java:comp/env/ jdbc/bd_teste”);

11: // Obtém uma conexão

12: con = ds.getConnection();

13: // Retorna a conexão

14: return con;

15: }

16: }

SSL

$CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml

1:                  <Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"

2: port="8443" .../>

3: <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"

4: SSLEngine="on" SSLRandomSeed="builtin" />

5: <Connector

6: port="8443" maxThreads="200"

7: scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"

8: keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore" keystorePass="changeit"

9: clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/>

Install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority like verisign.com,

- Configuring connectors

Connectors are link to outside world to receive requests, pass them to the correct web app and send back the results.

Each connector element represents a port that Tomcat will listen or to link tomcat to other web technologies(Eg: Apache Web Service).

E.g:

1:                          <Server>

2: <Service name="Catalina">

3: <Connector port="8443"/>

4: <Engine>

5: <Host name="yourhostname">

6: <Context path="/webapp1"/>

7: </Host>

8: </Engine>

9: </Service>

10: </Server>

Two Types

Http:

Attributes can be modified to specify exaclty how it works

Can be used as parte of load balancing scheme

AJP:

Works like HTTP connectors, but using a AJP(Apache JServer Protocol) Protocol(binary and optimized version of HTTP) mostly used for Tomcat-Apache comunication.

Used in mod_jk

- Tuning (performance)

- Disable modules you don't need

- Tuning the JVM

- Chose the right JVM

- Effective Memory Management

-Configure memory reallocation Xms. Set to Xms = Xmx eliminates the need of JVM to resize the heap memory.

Ex: -Xmx1024m(Maxsize) –Xms1024m(HeapSize) -XX:MaxNewSize=384m(NewSize) -XX:MaxPermSize=128m(Size to load class)

- MaxNewSize is 1/3 of heap size

- Consuption memory = 1G Heap + 128mb perm=1.128Gb + 500Mb(JVM consume)

- Selecting garbage collector (eliminate excessive garbage collector)

GC can stress the server. Start jvm with a higher maximum heap memory -Xmx

- Configuring connectors - http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/http.html

- Setting the best thread pool.

1:                     <Connector port="8080"

2: address="localhost" --> which address for a specific port.

3: maxThreads="250" --> 50 to 500 is good. 100 to 200 is usually best

4: maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" --> Max Size of a Header of a Request of Response HTTP

5: emptySessionPath="true"

6: protocol="HTTP/1.1" -->User BIO. APR is more faster about 10% than BIO. But BIO is more stable.

7: enableLookups="false" -->Enable system return DNS name not a IP address. Degrade performance because Tomcat looks up DNS.

8: redirectPort="8443"

9: acceptCount="100" --> It specifies server request queue length. If overflow, client get a error. Prevent system overload

10: compression="off --> Used to REST API requests

11: connectionTimeout="20000" --> 20 seconds

12: maxConnections=”8192" --> this amount of sockets at same time.

13: maxKeepAliveRequests=”1" --> Used to REST API requests. Time that this Connector will wait for another HTTP request before closing the connection

14: disableUploadTimeout="true" />

Value too small: Tomcat's threads will not handle all requests and will not use all server hardware.

Value too high: Increase tomcat startup time

- Compression

Initially set to off. Use compressableMimeTypes. Some application perform better

- Use HTTP instead HTTPS

- Web Servers For Static Content

Put static content dedicated to web servers such as Apache.

- Differences between 6 and 7

http://www.tekhnologia.com/2012/07/why-tomcat-7-upgarde-and-tomcat-7-vs.html

romalopes

quinta-feira, 22 de agosto de 2013

Tomcat Begins

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